Systolic arterial pressure was maintained within 20% of the preoperative value by controlling doses of anaesthetics, and giving ephedrine or nicardipine as necessary to treat changes in arterial pressure.Ī Siemens servo 900 C ventilator (Siemens Life Support Systems, Solna, Sweden) was used for controlled ventilation of the lungs. The intravascular sensor, calibrated with gases in a tonometer, was advanced through the arterial catheter into the radial artery to a length of 15 cm. A 20-gauge intravascular catheter was inserted into the radial artery. To obtain continuous arterial blood gas values, pressure measurements, and intermittent blood samples, we used a continuous arterial blood gas monitoring system (Paratrend 7 TN, Diametrics Medical Limited, High Wycombe, UK). Blood gas samples were analysed with a commercial blood gas analyzer (Bayer 860, Bayer Diagnostic Manufacturing Ltd, Bury St Edmunds, UK). Routine monitoring included an ECG, a non-invasive arterial pressure cuff, pulse oximetry, and capnogram. Anaesthesia was maintained with oxygen 100%, propofol 3–5 mg kg −1 h −1, and an epidural bolus injection of 6–10 ml of lidocaine 1% followed by a continuous infusion of 4–8 ml h −1. General anaesthesia was induced with propofol 1.5–2.5 mg kg −1, fentanyl 1–2 μg kg −1, and vecuronium 0.15 mg kg −1. Before induction of anaesthesia, an epidural catheter was inserted at the 6–7th, 7–8th, or 8–9th thoracic interspace. Special Issue on Memory and Awareness in Anesthesia (PDF)Īll patients were pre-medicated with roxatidine (H2 blocker) 75 mg orally 2 h preoperatively.Special Issue on Mass Casualty Medicine and Anaesthesia: Science and Clinical Practice (JPG).Special Issue on Thoracic Anaesthesia and Respiratory Physiology (PDF).Hong Kong College of Anaesthesiologists.College of Anaesthesiologists of Ireland.Memory, Awareness and Anaesthesia 2022 Special Collection.
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COVID-19 and the Anaesthetist: A Special Series.
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